在 C# 中生成随机密码
这篇文章将讨论如何在 C# 中生成指定长度的加密强随机密码。
1.使用 Random Class
这个想法是从选定的 ASCII 字符范围中随机选择字符，并从中构造一个所需长度的字符串。
要构建随机字母数字密码，ASCII 范围应由数字、大写和小写字符组成，如下所示。我们可以进一步扩展以下代码以生成任何其他属于某个 ASCII 范围的字符。
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using System;
using System.Text;
public class Example
{
public static string GetRandomPassword(int length)
{
const string chars = “0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ”;
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
Random rnd = new Random();
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
{
int index = rnd.Next(chars.Length);
sb.Append(chars[index]);
}
return sb.ToString();
}
public static void Main()
{
int length = 10;
string password = GetRandomPassword(length);
Console.WriteLine(password);
}
}
/*
输出: 3Dn6V7dK48
*/
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2.使用 RNGCryptoServiceProvider Class
这 RNGCryptoServiceProvider 类应该在 Random 类以确保加密强的随机数生成器。下面的代码示例使用 RNGCryptoServiceProvider 班级。
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using System;
using System.Security.Cryptography;
public class Example
{
public static string GetRandomPassword(int length)
{
byte[] rgb = new byte[length];
RNGCryptoServiceProvider rngCrypt = new RNGCryptoServiceProvider();
rngCrypt.GetBytes(rgb);
return Convert.ToBase64String(rgb);
}
public static void Main()
{
int length = 10;
string password = GetRandomPassword(length);
Console.WriteLine(password);
}
}
/*
输出: snVzDvDCcEKyng==
*/
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3.使用 Membership.GeneratePassword() 方法
要生成指定长度的随机密码，我们还可以使用 Membership.GeneratePassword() 方法从 System.Web.Security 命名空间。它采用生成密码中非字母数字字符的长度和最小数量。
其用法可见 这里.
示例代码如下：
<%@ Page Language="C#" %>
<%@ Import Namespace="System.Web.Security" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<script runat="server">
public void CreateUser_OnClick(object sender, EventArgs args)
{
// Generate a new 12-character password with at least 1 non-alphanumeric character.
string password = Membership.GeneratePassword(12, 1);
try
{
// Create new user.
MembershipUser newUser = Membership.CreateUser(UsernameTextbox.Text, password,
EmailTextbox.Text);
Msg.Text = "User <b>" + Server.HtmlEncode(UsernameTextbox.Text) + "</b> created. " +
"Your temporary password is " + password + ".";
}
catch (MembershipCreateUserException e)
{
Msg.Text = GetErrorMessage(e.StatusCode);
}
catch (HttpException e)
{
Msg.Text = e.Message;
}
}
public string GetErrorMessage(MembershipCreateStatus status)
{
switch (status)
{
case MembershipCreateStatus.DuplicateUserName:
return "Username already exists. Please enter a different user name.";
case MembershipCreateStatus.DuplicateEmail:
return "A username for that email address already exists. Please enter a different email address.";
case MembershipCreateStatus.InvalidPassword:
return "The password provided is invalid. Please enter a valid password value.";
case MembershipCreateStatus.InvalidEmail:
return "The email address provided is invalid. Please check the value and try again.";
case MembershipCreateStatus.InvalidAnswer:
return "The password retrieval answer provided is invalid. Please check the value and try again.";
case MembershipCreateStatus.InvalidQuestion:
return "The password retrieval question provided is invalid. Please check the value and try again.";
case MembershipCreateStatus.ProviderError:
return "The authentication provider returned an error. Please verify your entry and try again. If the problem persists, please contact your system administrator.";
case MembershipCreateStatus.UserRejected:
return "The user creation request has been canceled. Please verify your entry and try again. If the problem persists, please contact your system administrator.";
default:
return "An unknown error occurred. Please verify your entry and try again. If the problem persists, please contact your system administrator.";
}
}
</script>
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
<head>
<title>Create User</title>
</head>
<body>
<form id="form1" runat="server">
<h3>Create New User</h3>
<asp:Label id="Msg" ForeColor="maroon" runat="server" /><br />
<table cellpadding="3" border="0">
<tr>
<td>Username:</td>
<td><asp:Textbox id="UsernameTextbox" runat="server" /></td>
<td><asp:RequiredFieldValidator id="UsernameRequiredValidator" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="UserNameTextbox" ForeColor="red"
Display="Static" ErrorMessage="Required" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Email Address:</td>
<td><asp:Textbox id="EmailTextbox" runat="server" /></td>
<td><asp:RequiredFieldValidator id="EmailRequiredValidator" runat="server"
ControlToValidate="EmailTextbox" ForeColor="red"
Display="Static" ErrorMessage="Required" /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><asp:Button id="CreateUserButton" Text="Create User" OnClick="CreateUser_OnClick" runat="server" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
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