DotNet / 编程技术 · 2022年9月9日

C#实现XML序列化与反序列化

这篇文章介绍了C#实现XML序列化与反序列化的方法，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细。对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值，需要的朋友可以参考下

一、使用 System.Xml.Serialization类

1、定义元数据

引入System.Xml.Serialization命名空间。

XML序列化常用属性：

  • XmlRoot
  • XmlType
  • XmlText
  • XmlEnum
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[Serializable]
[XmlRoot]
public class Product
{
    public int ProductID { set; get; }//默认为[XmlElement("ProductID")]
     [XmlAttribute("Discount")]
    public int DisCount { set; get; }
}
public class BookProduct : Product
{
    public BookProduct() { }
    public string ISBN { get; set; }
}
[XmlRoot("inv")]
public class Inventory
{
    public Inventory() { }
    [XmlArray("allpro")]
    [XmlArrayItem("prod", typeof(Product)),
     XmlArrayItem("book", typeof(BookProduct))]
    public Product[] InventroyItems { set; get; }
}

2、简单序列化与反序列化

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//序列化
Product product = new Product() { ProductID = 1, DisCount = 5 };
string s = "";
using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter())
{
    XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Product));
    xz.Serialize(sw, product);
    s = sw.ToString();
}
Console.WriteLine(s);
 
//反序列化
using (StringReader sr = new StringReader(s))
{
    XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Product));
    product = xz.Deserialize(sr) as Product;
}
 
Console.WriteLine(product .ProductID.ToString() + ", " + product.DisCount); //1, 5

3、集合的序列化与反序列化

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//序列化
List list = new List(){
    new Product() { ProductID = 1, DisCount =5 },
    new BookProduct() {  ProductID = 1, DisCount =3, ISBN="aaaa"}
   };
Inventory invertoy = new Inventory { InventroyItems = list.ToArray() };
 
string s = "";
using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter())
{
    XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Inventory));
    xz.Serialize(sw, invertoy);
    s = sw.ToString();
}
Console.WriteLine(s);
//反序列化
using (StringReader sr = new StringReader(s))
{
    XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Inventory));
    invertoy = xz.Deserialize(sr) as Inventory;
}
 
Console.WriteLine(invertoy.InventroyItems[0].ProductID.ToString() + ", " + invertoy.InventroyItems[0].DisCount); //1, 5

4、在不能更改数据的情况下，可以用代码重载 XmlAttributeOverrides

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List list = new List(){
    new Product() { ProductID = 1, DisCount =5 },
    new BookProduct() {  ProductID = 1, DisCount =3, ISBN="aaaa"}
  };
Inventory invertoy = new Inventory { InventroyItems = list.ToArray() };
string s = "";
//序列化
using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter())
{
    XmlAttributes attrs = new XmlAttributes();
    attrs.XmlElements.Add(new XmlElementAttribute("product1", typeof(Product)));
    attrs.XmlElements.Add(new XmlElementAttribute("book1", typeof(BookProduct)));
    XmlAttributeOverrides attrOverrides = new XmlAttributeOverrides();
    attrOverrides.Add(typeof(Inventory), "InventroyItems", attrs);
    XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Inventory), attrOverrides);
 
    xz.Serialize(sw, invertoy);
    s = sw.ToString();
}
Console.WriteLine(s);
  
//反序列化
using (StringReader sr = new StringReader(s))
{
    XmlAttributes attrs = new XmlAttributes();
    attrs.XmlElements.Add(new XmlElementAttribute("product1", typeof(Product)));
    attrs.XmlElements.Add(new XmlElementAttribute("book1", typeof(BookProduct)));
    XmlAttributeOverrides attrOverrides = new XmlAttributeOverrides();
    attrOverrides.Add(typeof(Inventory), "InventroyItems", attrs);
    XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(typeof(Inventory), attrOverrides);
    invertoy = xz.Deserialize(sr) as Inventory;
}
 
Console.WriteLine(invertoy.InventroyItems[0].ProductID.ToString() + ", " + invertoy.InventroyItems[0].DisCount); //1, 5

5、通用类

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void Main()
{
    //序列化
    Product product = new Product() { ProductID = 1, DisCount = 5 };
    string s = UserQuery.SimpleSerializer.Serialize(product);
    Console.WriteLine(s);
 
    //反序列化
    product = UserQuery.SimpleSerializer.Deserialize(typeof(UserQuery.Product), s);
    Console.WriteLine(product.ProductID.ToString() + ", " + product.DisCount); //1, 5
}
public class SimpleSerializer
{
    ///
 
    /// 序列化对象
    ///
    /// 对象类型
    /// 对象
    ///
    public static string Serialize(T t)
    {
        using (StringWriter sw = new StringWriter())
        {
            XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(t.GetType());
            xz.Serialize(sw, t);
            return sw.ToString();
        }
    }
    /// 反序列化为对象
    /// 对象类型
    /// 对象序列化后的Xml字符串
    public static T Deserialize(Type type, string s) where T : class
    {
        using (StringReader sr = new StringReader(s))
        {
            XmlSerializer xz = new XmlSerializer(type);
            return xz.Deserialize(sr) as T;
        }
    }
}

二、用DataContractSerialize类序列化XML

1、层次结构

基类：XmlObjectSerializer

派生类：

  • DataContractSerializer
  • NetDataContractSerializer
  • DataContractJsonSerializer

需要引入的程序集：

  • System.Runtime.Serialization.dll
  • System.Runtime.Serialization.Primitives.dll

2、实体类

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//订单类
[DataContract(Name = "order", Namespace = "http://a/order")]
//[KnownType(typeof(order))]
public class Order
{
    public Order(Guid id, Product product)
    {
        this.OrderID = id;
        this.Product = product;
    }
 
 
    [DataMember(Name = "id", Order = 2)]
    public Guid OrderID { set; get; }
 
    [DataMember]
    public Product Product { set; get; }
 
}
 
//产品类
[DataContract(Name = "product", Namespace = "http://a/product")] //IsRequired=false,EmitDefaultValue=false
public class Product
{
    public Product(Guid id, string productArea)
    {
        this.ProductID = id;
        this.productArea = productArea;
    }
 
    [DataMember(Name = "id", Order = 1)]
    public Guid ProductID { set; get; }
 
    [DataMember]
    private string productArea { set; get; } //私有属性也可以序列化。
}

3、序列化与反序列化

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Product product = new Product(Guid.NewGuid(), "XiaMen");
Order order = new Order(Guid.NewGuid(), product);
 
string filename = @"C:\s.xml";
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Create))
{
    DataContractSerializer serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(Order));
    using (XmlDictionaryWriter writer = XmlDictionaryWriter.CreateTextWriter(fs))
    {
        serializer.WriteObject(writer, order);
    }
}
Process.Start(filename);
 
using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open))
{
    DataContractSerializer serializer = new DataContractSerializer(typeof(Order));
    using (XmlDictionaryReader reader = XmlDictionaryReader.CreateTextReader(fs, new XmlDictionaryReaderQuotas()))
    {
        order = serializer.ReadObject(reader) as Order;
    }
}

得到的XML内容

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<xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<order xmlns="http://a/order" xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <Product xmlns:a="http://a/product">
    <a:productArea>XiaMen</a:productArea>
    <a:id>d3b4c977-d052-4fd4-8f59-272e56d875a8</a:id>
  </Product>
  <id>96d0bb44-cee4-41b6-ae20-5d801c1b3dc9</id>
</order>

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